Connectionists: Homepage on the Origins of the Extreme Learning Machine (ELM)

[ELM Xposed]

The Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) is one of the hottest connectionist model at the present. With annotated PDF files at http://elmorigin.wix.com/originofelm , you can easily verify the following facts within 10 to 20 minutes: 

1. The kernel (or constrained-optimization-based) version of ELM (ELM-Kernel, Huang 2012) is identical to kernel ridge regression (for regression and single-output classification, Saunders ICML 1998, as well as the LS-SVM with zero bias; for multiclass multi-output classification, An CVPR 2007).

2. ELM-SLFN (the single-layer feedforward network version of the ELM, Huang IJCNN 2004) is identical to the randomized neural network (RNN, with omission of bias, Schmidt 1992) and another simultaneous work, i.e., the random vector functional link (RVFL, with omission of direct input-output links, Pao 1994).
 
3. ELM-RBF (Huang ICARCV 2004) is identical to the randomized RBF neural network (Broomhead-Lowe 1988, with a performance-degrading  randomization of RBF radii or impact factors).