<div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr"><br></div><br><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr" style="text-align:center"><img src="cid:ii_l25sulo01" alt="VVTNS.png" style="margin-right:0px" width="175" height="175"><br></div><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div style="text-align:center"><font size="4"><a href="https://www.wwtns.online" target="_blank">https://www.wwtns.online</a><span style="text-align:center"> -</span></font><span style="font-size:large;text-align:center"> on twitter: wwtns@TheoreticalWide</span> </div><div style="text-align:center"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:large"><br></span></div><div style="text-align:center"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:large">You are cordially invited to the lecture given by </span><br></div><div style="text-align:center"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:large"><br></span></div><div style="text-align:center"><p style="background:transparent;border:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:18px;line-height:1.6em;color:rgb(0,0,0);margin:0px"><span style="background:transparent;border:0px;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:helvetica-w01-roman,helvetica-w02-roman,helvetica-lt-w10-roman,sans-serif"><span style="background:transparent;border:0px;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline"><span style="background:transparent;border:0px;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline">Nicholas Priebe</span></span></span></p><p style="background:transparent;border:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:18px;line-height:1.6em;color:rgb(0,0,0);margin:0px"><span style="background:transparent;border:0px;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:helvetica-w01-roman,helvetica-w02-roman,helvetica-lt-w10-roman,sans-serif"><span style="background:transparent;border:0px;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline"><span style="background:transparent;border:0px;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline">The University of Texas at Austin</span></span></span></p></div><div style="text-align:center"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:large"><br></span></div><div style="text-align:center"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-size:large">on the topic of </span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:large"><br></span></div><div style="text-align:center"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-size:large"><br></span></div><div style="text-align:center"><font size="4"><b><font color="#000000"><span style="text-align:start">"</span></font>The origins of variable responses in neocortical neurons<span style="background-color:transparent;text-align:start;color:rgb(0,0,0)">"</span></b></font></div><div style="text-align:center"><font size="4"><font color="#000000"><span style="background-color:transparent"><span style="text-align:start"><br></span></span></font></font></div><div style="text-align:center"><font style="font-size:18px;background-color:transparent">The lecture will be held on zoom on <b>February 7, 2024</b>, at <u><b>11:00 am ET </b></u></font></div><div style="text-align:center"><font style="font-size:18px;background-color:transparent"><u><b><br></b></u></font></div><div style="text-align:center"><font color="#030303" size="4">Register on our website - </font><a href="https://www.wwtns.online/" style="font-size:large" target="_blank">https://www.wwtns.online</a><font size="4"> -</font><span style="color:rgb(3,3,3);font-size:large">to receive the zoom link </span><br></div><div style="text-align:center"><p style="line-height:1em"><font color="#000000"><br></font></p><p style="text-align:left;line-height:1em"><font color="#000000"><font face="verdana, sans-serif"><span style="text-align:justify"><b>Abstract:</b> </span></font></font><span style="background-color:transparent;font-size:15px;letter-spacing:0em;color:rgb(0,0,0)"> </span>I will discuss a collaborative project studying the origins of variable responses in neocortical neurons. The spiking responses of neocortical neurons are remarkably variable. Distinct patterns are observed when the same stimulus is presented in the sensory areas or when the same action is executed in motor areas. This is quantified across trials by measuring the Fano factor of the neuronal spike counts, which is generally near 1, consistent with spiking times following a noisy Poisson process. The two candidate sources for noise are the synaptic drive that converges on individual neurons or intrinsic transducing processes within neurons. To parse the relative contributions of these noise sources, we made whole-cell intracellular recordings from cortical slices and used in the whole cell dynamic clamp configuration while using dynamic clamp to injecting excitatory and inhibitory conductances previously recorded in vivo from visual cortical neurons (Tan et al. 2011). By controlling the conductance directly, we can test whether intrinsic processes contribute to poisson firing. We found that repeated injections of the same excitatory and inhibitory conductance evoked stereotypical spike trains, resulting in fano factors near 0.2. Varying the amplitude of both excitatory and inhibitory conductances changed the firing rate of recorded neurons but not the Fano factor. These records indicate that intrinsic processes do not contribute substantially to the Poisson spiking of cortical cells. Next, to test whether differences in network input are responsible for Poisson spike patterns, we examined spike trains evoked by injecting excitatory and inhibitory conductances recorded from different presentations of the same visual stimulus. These records exhibited different behaviors depending on whether the injected conductances were from visually-driven or spontaneous epochs: during visually-driven epochs, spiking responses were Poisson (Fano factor near 1); during spontaneous epochs spiking responses were super-Poisson (fano factors above 1). Both of these observations are consistent with the quenching of variability by sensory stimulation or motor behavior (Churchland et al. 2010). We also found that excitatory conductances, in the absence of inhibition, are sufficient to generate spike trains with Poisson statistics. Our results indicate that the Poisson spiking emerges not from intrinsic sources but from differences in the synaptic drive across trials, the nature of this synaptic drive can alter the nature of variability, and that that excitatory input alone is sufficient to generate Poisson spiking.</p><div style="text-align:start"></div><br><p style="text-align:left;line-height:1em"><i style="background-color:transparent"><font color="#000000"><span style="font-family:helvetica-w01-light,helvetica-w02-light,sans-serif;text-align:justify"><b>About VVTNS :</b> Created as the World Wide Neuroscience Seminar (WWTN</span></font><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:helvetica-w01-light,helvetica-w02-light,sans-serif;text-align:justify">S) in November 2020 and renamed in homage to Carl van Vreeswijk in Memoriam (April 20, 2022), its aim is to be a platform to exchange ideas among theoreticians. Speakers have the occasion to talk about theoretical aspects of their work which cannot be discussed in a setting where the majority of the audience consists of experimentalists. The seminars, </span></i><i style="background-color:transparent"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:helvetica-w01-light,helvetica-w02-light,sans-serif;text-align:justify">held on Wednesdays at 11 am ET,</span></i><i style="background-color:transparent"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:helvetica-w01-light,helvetica-w02-light,sans-serif;text-align:justify"> are 45-50 min long followed by a discussion. The talks are recorded with authorization of the speaker and are available to everybody on our YouTube channel.</span></i></p></div><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div><br></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div hspace="streak-pt-mark" style="max-height:1px"><img alt="" style="width:0px;max-height:0px;overflow:hidden" src="https://mailfoogae.appspot.com/t?sender=aZGhhbnNlbDBAZ21haWwuY29t&type=zerocontent&guid=c332431a-2bad-4d1c-98af-624f0f5d28f4"><font color="#ffffff" size="1">ᐧ</font></div>
</div><br clear="all"><div><br></div><span class="gmail_signature_prefix">-- </span><br><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_signature" data-smartmail="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div>'Life is good ..' (Carl van Vreeswijk, 1962-2022)</div><div>---------------------------------------<br>David Hansel<br>Directeur de Recherche au CNRS</div><div><span style="background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0)">Co-Group leader </span><br>Cerebral Dynamics Plasticity and Learning lab., CNRS<br>45 rue des Saints Pères 75270 Paris Cedex 06<br>Tel (Cell): +33 607508403 <br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div></div></div></div></div></div><div hspace="streak-pt-mark" style="max-height:1px"><img alt="" style="width:0px;max-height:0px;overflow:hidden" src="https://mailfoogae.appspot.com/t?sender=aZGhhbnNlbDBAZ21haWwuY29t&type=zerocontent&guid=f40d8994-7da5-4f24-af3a-aa74dccf9590"><font color="#ffffff" size="1">ᐧ</font></div>