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<span style="letter-spacing: normal; font-weight: 400; color: rgb(36, 36, 36); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Dear All,</span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: normal; font-weight: 400;">I'm happy to share the details for the
</span><span style="letter-spacing: normal;"><b>7th rTAIM Monthly Seminar </b></span><span style="letter-spacing: normal; font-weight: 400;">focused on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine in a broad sense. This seventh seminar will be focused
on Explainability and AI in Medicine.</span></div>
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<div style="direction: ltr; text-align: left; margin: 0px;"><span style="letter-spacing: normal; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Date:
</span><span style="letter-spacing: normal; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><b>6 December
</b></span><span style="letter-spacing: normal; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">2023 |
</span><span style="letter-spacing: normal; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><b>2:30pm-4:00pm</b> (Lisbon Time Zone)</span></div>
<div style="direction: ltr; text-align: left; margin: 0px;"><span style="letter-spacing: normal; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Speaker:
</span><span style="letter-spacing: normal; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><b>Jaroslav Malík</b> </span><span style="letter-spacing: normal; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">(</span><span style="letter-spacing: normal; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Uni.
Hradec Králové</span><span style="letter-spacing: normal; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">)</span></div>
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<div style="direction: ltr; text-align: left; margin: 0px;"><span style="letter-spacing: normal; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><b>Title</b></span><span style="letter-spacing: normal; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">:
</span><span style="letter-spacing: normal; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Explanatory AI in Medicine: The Need for Pragmatics of XAI</span></div>
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<div style="direction: ltr; text-align: left; margin: 0px;"><span style="letter-spacing: normal; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><b>Abstract</b></span><span style="letter-spacing: normal; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">:
</span><span style="letter-spacing: normal; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">The relationship between a clinician and a patient is built on trust, which ultimately rests on the transparency of medical methods. However, as neural networks (NNs) are employed
in medicine, they prove problematic because NNs are opaque black-box systems. Thus, an explanatory gap is generated, undermining established trust between clinicians and patients. In this paper, I argue that to cross this gap, what is necessary is not only
explainable AI (XAI) but also explanatory AI. A problem with current XAI methods is that they can, at best, provide causal How-explanations which only generate observations that do not get us to the underlying cause of an event. What is required is to understand
the process of Why-explanations, which often involve counterfactual reasoning based on more basic observations. To do that, engaging with the clinical practice itself is necessary to formulate a standard for explanations. I will argue that when diagnosing,
doctors often engage in selective abductive reasoning, where they hypothesise what might be the case depending on the available evidence. Therefore, a hypothesis-driven model of explanatory AI is required, which could be used to design an AI interpreter meant
to provide more illuminating explanations of AI behaviour. I further argue that we must exploit the current rising transformer architecture paradigm. The reason is that transformer NNs have proven to be capable of the necessary abductive reasoning, alongside
multi-modality and context-sensitivity, useful for human interpretable explanations.</span></div>
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<div style="direction: ltr; text-align: left; margin: 0px;"><span style="letter-spacing: normal; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><b>Short bio:</b></span><span style="letter-spacing: normal; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: normal; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Jaroslav
Malík is a PhD candidate from the University of Hradec Králové. His philosophical work explores the intersection between philosophy of mind, philosophy of technology, and philosophical anthropology. He is currently concentrating on topics related to the ethics
of AI, ranging from XAI to the alignment problem.</span></div>
<div style="direction: ltr; text-align: left; margin: 0px;"><span style="letter-spacing: normal; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> .</span></div>
<div style="direction: ltr; text-align: left; margin: 0px;"><span style="letter-spacing: normal; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><b>To attend via Zoom (free access):
</b>Link: https://videoconf-colibri.zoom.us/j/97214569655?pwd=ZjNnWEtRVVNERC9Zc3VqamdJc2ZqZz09</span></div>
<div style="direction: ltr;"><span style="letter-spacing: normal; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">[</span><span style="font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">ID: 972 1456 9655 |
</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Password: 535459].</span></div>
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<div style="direction: ltr; text-align: left; margin: 0px;"><span style="letter-spacing: normal; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><b>More info on the Seminars and recording of previous sessions:</b></span><span style="letter-spacing: normal; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: normal; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><a href="https://trustaimedicine.weebly.com/news.html" id="OWA8946563f-ba7b-6055-eb2e-ccb384367a7e" class="OWAAutoLink" data-auth="NotApplicable">https://trustaimedicine.weebly.com/news.html</a></span></div>
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rTAIM Seminars: Forthcoming: #7 | Jaroslav Malík (Uni. Hradec Králové) | 6 December 2023 | 2:30pm-4:00pm (Lisbon Time Zone) | "Explanatory AI in Medicine: The need for pragmatics of...</div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: normal; font-weight: 400;">Thank you very much,</span></div>
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<div style="direction: ltr; text-align: left; margin: 0px;"><span style="letter-spacing: normal; font-size: 16pt; font-weight: 400; color: rgb(36, 36, 36); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Steven S. Gouveia</span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: normal; font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-weight: 400; color: rgb(36, 36, 36);">Ph.D. (University of Minho) </span></p>
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<span style="letter-spacing: normal; font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-weight: 400; color: rgb(36, 36, 36);">ex-PostDoc Fellow (Uni. Ottawa) &</span><span style="letter-spacing: normal; font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-weight: 400; color: rgb(36, 36, 36); background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);"> CEFH
(Portuguese Catholic Uni., PT)</span></p>
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<span style="letter-spacing: normal; font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-weight: 400; color: rgb(36, 36, 36); background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);">Research Fellow (2023-2029) Mind, Language & Action Group (Uni. Porto, PT)</span></p>
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<span style="letter-spacing: normal; font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-weight: 400; color: rgb(36, 36, 36); background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);">Honorary Professor, Faculty of Medicine (Uni. Andrés Bello, Chile)</span></p>
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<span style="letter-spacing: normal; color: rgb(17, 85, 204);"><b><a href="https://stevensgouveia.weebly.com/" id="OWAb3e97510-5f23-6341-f7cb-b062a182d8fb" class="x_x_OWAAutoLink" title="Protegido pelo Outlook: https://stevensgouveia.weebly.com/. Clique ou toque para aceder ŕ ligaçăo." data-auth="NotApplicable" data-linkindex="2" style="margin: 0px;">https://stevensgouveia.weebly.com</a></b></span><span style="letter-spacing: normal; color: rgb(36, 36, 36);"><b> </b></span></p>
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<span style="letter-spacing: normal; color: rgb(36, 36, 36);"><b>(Books, papers, talks, etc)</b></span></p>
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