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Dear Profs. Sira Alonso and Oscar Vera-Perez,<br>
<br>
I am afraid that this inquiry is too late for IWOR 2015, as I guess
that your IWOR program has been almost fixed.<br>
<br>
A colleague just mentioned to me that there is a workshop on
operation research and a special track on computer vision and
graphics <br>
to be held in Havana, Cuba. I am very interested in visiting your
country with my wife.<br>
<br>
However, I am not sure whether you are interested in how the brain
works, including decision making and vision as two special cases,
just like special cases for a mathematical theorem. <br>
<br>
I am attaching the Brain Principles Manifesto that is being
discussed in several research communities, including <br>
the Brain-Mind Institute at <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.brain-mind-institute.org/">http://www.brain-mind-institute.org/</a> and
<br>
the connectionist mailing list <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:connectionists@cs.cmu.edu"><connectionists@cs.cmu.edu></a><br>
<br>
For those who like to participate in the email discussion on this
manifesto, they can subscribe to the BMI mailing list. Simply do an
internet search to get the list site. <br>
<br>
I am attaching my CV and two papers for your information. <br>
<br>
If you are still interested in my giving a talk, a tutorial or both,
and can kindly pay my cost of travel from Lansing, Michigan United
States,<br>
I will be greatly honored. I do not need any publication in the
proceedings of IWOR 2015.<br>
<br>
If it is indeed too late for me to serve your workshop, I can fully
understand and I would like to further express my sincere apology
for my late contact.<br>
----<br>
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<![endif]--><!--StartFragment--><!--EndFragment-->The Brain Principles
Manifesto <br>
(Draft Version 2.0)<br>
<br>
Feb. 24, 2015<br>
<br>
<meta name="Title" content="">
<p class="MsoNormal">Historically, public acceptance of science was
slow.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>For example, Charles
Darwin waited about 20
years (from the <span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times
New Roman"">1830s
to 1858)</span> to publish his theory of evolution for fear of
public
reaction.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>It took about 20
years (by the
1870s) the scientific community and much of the general public had
accepted
evolution as a fact. <span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Of
course, the
debate on evolution still goes on today. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Is the public acceptance of science<span
style="font-family:
华文黑体;mso-bidi-font-family:华文黑体;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN"> </span>faster
in
modern days?<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Not
necessarily so, even
though we have now better and faster means to communicate.<span
style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><span
style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>The primary
reason is still the same but much more severe<span class="st"><span
style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"">—</span></span>the
remaining
open scientific problems are more complex and the required
knowledge to convincingly
understand goes beyond any single person. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">For instance, network-like brain computation
--- connectionist
computation --- has been long doubted and ignored by industry.<span
style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Kunihiko Fukushima
introduced <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Convolutional
deep</i> networks by at least
1980.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Weng, Ahuja and
Huang published <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Max-pooling</i>
in deep fully automatic learning
networks by 1992.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>However,
Apple, Baidu,
Google, Microsoft, Samsung, and other major related companies did
not show
considerable interest till after 2012.<span
style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span>That is a delay of about 20 years.<span
style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span>The two techniques above are not very difficult to
understand. <span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>However, these
two suddenly hot techniques have
already been proved obsolete by the discoveries of more
fundamental working principles
of the brain.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><span
style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Industrial and academic interests have been
keen on a
combination of two things --- easily understandable but
superficial tests and
which companies are involved.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>However,
the
newly known brain principles have told us that the ways to conduct
such tests
will give only vanishing gains that do not lead to a realistic
zero error rate,
regardless how many more images can be added to the training sets
and how long
the Moore’s Law can continue. <span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Why?<span
style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>This is because all these
static training
sets misled the participants by making it impractical to conduct
serious autonomous
object segmentation that our human babies learn to perform through
interaction
with the real physical world.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Do
our
industry and public need another 20 years?<span
style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span>Or more? <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Oct. 2011<span
style="font-family:华文黑体;mso-bidi-font-family:
华文黑体;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN"> </span>a highly respected
multi-<span style="font-family:Times">disciplinary</span>
professor kindly wrote: “I tell
these students that they can work on brains and do good science,
or work on
robots and do good engineering.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>But
if
they try to do both at once, the result will be neither good
science nor good
engineering.”<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>How long
does it take for
the industry and public to accept that that pessimistic<span
style="font-family:
Times;mso-bidi-font-family:华文黑体;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN">
view</span> of the
brain was no longer true even then?<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The brain principles that have already <span
style="font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:华文黑体;mso-fareast-
language:ZH-CN">been
</span>discovered would bring fundamental changes in the way
humans live, human
countries and societies are organized, and the way humans treat
one another.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>The following
questions point to some concrete
fundamental changes that benefit all humans. <span
style="font-family:华文黑体;
mso-bidi-font-family:华文黑体;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN"><span
style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></span>However,
conventionally, scientists in
natural sciences do not address politics.<span
style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span>Albert Einstein and Norm Chomsky are <span
style="font-family:Times;
mso-bidi-font-family:华文黑体;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN">among</span>
exceptions.<span
style="font-family:华文黑体;mso-bidi-font-family:华文黑体;mso-fareast-
language:ZH-CN"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The brain of anybody, regardless of his
education and
experience, is fundamentally short sighted, in both space and
time, determined
by the known brain principles.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Prof.
<span class="st"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times
New Roman"">Jonathan Haidt
documented well such shortsightedness in his book “</span></span><a
href="http://www.amazon.com/The-Righteous-Mind-Politics-Religion/dp/0307455777"><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"">The
Righteous
Mind: Why Good People Are Divided by Politics and Religion</span></i></a><span
class="st"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New
Roman"">”, although
not in terms of brain computation. <span
style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span class="st"><span
style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman""><o:p> </o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span class="st"><span
style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"">In
terms of brain computation, the precise circuits in your brain
self-wire </span></span><span
style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"">beautifully<span
class="st">
according to your real-time experience (the genome only
regulates) and their various
invariance properties for abstraction also largely depend on
experience.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Serotonin
(e.g., caused by threats), dopamine
(e.g., caused praises) and other neural transmitters quickly
change the way
these delicate circuits work but you feel everything inside
the brain is
normal. <span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Therefore, you
make mistakes but
you still feel normal in the brain. <span
style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Everybody is like that,
including the politicians
in the questions below.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span class="st"><span
style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman""><o:p> </o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span class="st"><span
style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"">Surprisingly,
to
understand how the brain works requires a sophisticated
automata theory in
computer science. See J. Weng, </span></span><a
href="http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CCAQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scirp.org%2Fjournal%2FPaperDownload.aspx%3FpaperID%3D53728&ei=21rnVP7fB4KZyAT-noH4Cg&usg=AFQjCNEzHz-YDhivI1esDtgKg84SEx4RuQ&bvm=bv.86475890,d.aWw&cad"><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"">Brain
</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:Times;
mso-bidi-font-family:华文黑体">as</span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"">
an Emergent Finite
Automaton: A Theory and Three Theorems</span></i></a><span
class="st"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New
Roman"">, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal">IJIS</i>, 2015, which proposed the following brain
principles:<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst"
style="margin-left:42.0pt;mso-add-space:
auto;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span
class="st"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New
Roman""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">1.<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span class="st"><span
style="mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">The developmental (genome-like)
program uses fully emergent,
task-nonspecific internal representations of the brain-like
Network (DN) and
therefore, the DN is of general-purpose—can learn any
body-capable tasks, at
least in principle. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"
style="margin-left:42.0pt;mso-add-space:
auto;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span
class="st"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New
Roman""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">2.<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span class="st"><span
style="mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">The sensory area allows naturally
sensed images of cluttered
scenes in which many objects mix, instead of an encoding that
fits only what a
Turing Machine can work with.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span>A teacher
does not segment objects as how children learn.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"
style="margin-left:42.0pt;mso-add-space:
auto;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span
class="st"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New
Roman""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">3.<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span class="st"><span
style="mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">The motor area allows subareas
where each subarea represents
either declarative knowledge (e.g., abstract concepts such as
location, type,
scale, etc.) or non-declarative knowledge (e.g., driving a car
or riding a
bicycle). <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"
style="margin-left:42.0pt;mso-add-space:
auto;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span
class="st"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New
Roman""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">4.<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span class="st"><span
style="mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">Every area in the “brain” DN
emerges (not statically exist) uses
a unified area function that does not have local minima in its
high
dimensional, nonlinear, and non-iterative approximation in its
feature
development and adaptation.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"
style="margin-left:42.0pt;mso-add-space:
auto;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span
class="st"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New
Roman""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">5.<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span class="st"><span
style="mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">The “brain” DN learns
incrementally—taking one-pair of
sensory pattern and motor pattern at a time to update the
network and
discarding the pair immediately after. <span
style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>E.g.,
the real brain has only one pair of retina. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast"
style="margin-left:42.0pt;mso-add-space:auto;
text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span
class="st"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New
Roman""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">6.<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span class="st"><span
style="mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">The “brain” DN is always
optimal—every update of DN realizes
the maximum likelihood estimate of the “brain”, conditioned on
the limited
computational resources in the “brain” and the limited
learning experience in
its “life time”.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:24.0pt"><span class="st"><span
style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman""><o:p> </o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span class="st"><span
style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"">The
logic
completeness of the brain DN is (partially, not all)
understood by a universal
Turing Machine which is like our modern-day computer, in
principle.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>This
automaton brain model proposes that each
brain is an automaton, but also very different from all
traditional symbolic
automata because it programs itself—emergent.<span
style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span>No traditional automata can program themselves in the
sense of Turing
Machine but a brain automaton does. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span class="st"><span
style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman""><o:p> </o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span class="st"><span
style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"">The
automaton
brain model predicted that neural circuits precisely record
the statistics
of experience, roughly consistent with neural anatomy (e.g.,
Felleman & Van
Essen, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Cerebral Cortex</i>,
1991). <span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>In particular,
the model predicted that
“shifting attention between `humans’ and `vehicles’
dramatically changes brain
representation of all categories” (J. Gallant et al. <i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal">Nature Neuroscience</i>, 2013) and that human
attention “can regulate
the activity of their neurons in the medial temporal lobe” (C.
Koch et al. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Nature</i>,
2010).<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>The model
raised questions to claims that
neurons encode exclusively sensory information like the
“place” cells in the
work of 2014 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine instead of
a combination of
both bottom-up (e.g., place) and top-down context (e.g., goal)
as reported by
Koch et al. and Gallant et al. and theoretically predicted by
the automaton brain
model. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span class="st"><span
style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman""><o:p> </o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span class="st"><span
style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"">Unfortunately,
the
automaton brain model implies that all neuroscientists and
neural network
researchers are unable to understand the brain of their
studies without a rigorous
training in automata theory. <span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>For
example,
traditional models for nervous systems and neural networks
focus on
pattern recognition and do not have the capabilities of a
grounded symbol
system (e.g., “rulefully combining and recombining,” Stevan
Harnad, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Physica D,</i>
1990).<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Automata theory
deals with such capabilities.
<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Does this new knowledge
stun our students
and researchers or guide them so their time is better spent?<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span class="st"><span
style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman""><o:p> </o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span class="st"><span
style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"">Understanding
brain
automata would enable us to see answers to a wide variety of
important
questions, some of which are raised below. <span
style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>We do not provide yes/no
answers here, only
raise questions.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>The
automaton brain
model predicts that there is no absolute right or wrong in any
brain but its
environmental experiences wire and rewire the brain. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span class="st"><span
style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman""><o:p> </o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span class="st"><span
style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"">In
each of the following social science questions, we have two
sides, Side A with
more knowledge due to the more open political and ideological
environment and
Side B with less knowledge due to less open political and
ideological
environment, but all have normal human brains that should be
respected.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Is it more
scientifically productive for
Side A to approach Side B friendly with caring heart so that
Side B is not
threatened and not listening?<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span>We want them
to rewire for good instead of for bad, do we?<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span class="st"><span
style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman""><o:p> </o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span class="st"><span
style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"">How
can
our industry and pubic understand that the door for a great
opportunity
that has opened up for them?<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>How
can they
see the economical outlooks that this opportunity brings with
it?<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span class="st"><span
style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman""><o:p> </o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span class="st"><span
style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"">How
should
our educational system change to prepare our many bright minds
for the
new brain age?<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Has
our government been
prompt to properly respond to this modern call from the
nature?</span></span><span class="st"><span
style="font-family:华文黑体;mso-bidi-font-family:华文黑体;mso-fareast-language:
ZH-CN"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span class="st"><span
style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman""><o:p> </o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span class="st"><span
style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"">How
should
our young generation</span></span><span class="st"><span
style="font-family:
华文黑体;mso-bidi-font-family:华文黑体;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN"> </span></span><span
class="st"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New
Roman"">act for to
this new opportunity that is unfolding before their eyes?<span
style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Is a currently narrowly
defined academic degree
sufficient for their career?<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span class="st"><span
style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman""><o:p> </o:p></span></span></p>
----<br>
<br>
Best regards,<br>
<br>
-John Weng<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
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<pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">--
--
Juyang (John) Weng, Professor
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
MSU Cognitive Science Program and MSU Neuroscience Program
428 S Shaw Ln Rm 3115
Michigan State University
East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
Tel: 517-353-4388
Fax: 517-432-1061
Email: <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:weng@cse.msu.edu">weng@cse.msu.edu</a>
URL: <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.cse.msu.edu/~weng/">http://www.cse.msu.edu/~weng/</a>
----------------------------------------------
</pre>
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