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    <font face="Times New Roman, Times, serif">Brian,<br>
      <br>
      Quantum mechanics can be completely simulated on a classical
      computer so if quantum mechanics do matter for C then it must be a
      matter of computational efficiency and nothing more.  We also know
      that BQP (i.e. set of problems solved efficiently on a quantum
      computer) is bigger than BPP (set of problems solved effficiently
      on a classical computer) but not by much.  I'm not fully up to
      date on this but I think factoring and boson sampling or about the
      only two examples that are in BQP and not in BPP.  We also know
      that BPP is much smaller than NP, so if C does require QM then for
      some reason it sits in a small sliver of complexity space.<br>
      <br>
      best,<br>
      Carson<br>
      <br>
      PS I do like your self-consistent test for confirming
      consciousness. I once proposed that we could just run Turing
      machines and see which ones asked why they exist as a test of C. 
      Kind of similar to your idea.<br>
      <br>
      <br>
    </font>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 1/28/14 3:09 PM, Brian J Mingus
      wrote:<br>
    </div>
    <blockquote
cite="mid:CAJ=QoBSJ_=GQr=8cPg8Jo9wmtCLR7qs6Gy94cdghspRaHG0S1Q@mail.gmail.com"
      type="cite">
      <div dir="ltr">Hi Richard, thanks for the feedback. 
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div><span
            style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:12.727272033691406px">>
            Yes, in general, having an outcome measure that correlates
            with C ... that is good, but only with a clear and
            unambigous meaning for C itself (which I don't think anyone
            has, so therefore it is, after all, of no value to look for
            outcome measures that correlate)</span><br>
        </div>
        <div><span
            style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:12.727272033691406px"><br>
          </span></div>
        <div><font face="arial, sans-serif">Actually, the outcome
            measure I described is independent of a clear and
            unambiguous meaning for C itself, and in an interesting way:
            the models, like us, essentially reinvent the entire
            literature, and have a conversation as we do, inventing
            almost all the same positions that we've invented (including
            the one in your paper). </font></div>
        <div><font face="arial, sans-serif"><br>
          </font></div>
        <div>I will read your paper and see if it changes my position.
          At the present time, however, I can't imagine any information
          that would solve the so-called zombie problem. I'm not a big
          fan of integrative information theory - I don't think hydrogen
          atoms are conscious, and I don't think naive bayes trained on
          a large corpus and run in generative mode is conscious. Thus,
          if the model doesn't go through the same philosophical
          reasoning that we've collectively gone through with regards to
          subjective experience, then I'm going to wonder if its
          experience is anything like mine at all.<br>
        </div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div>Touching back on QM, if we create a point neuron-based
          model that doesn't wax philosophical on consciousness, I'm
          going to wonder if we should add lower levels of analysis.</div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div>I will take a look at your paper, and see if it changes my
          view on this at all.</div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div>Cheers,</div>
        <div><font face="arial, sans-serif"><br>
          </font></div>
        <div><font face="arial, sans-serif">Brian Mingus</font></div>
        <div><font face="arial, sans-serif"><br>
          </font></div>
        <div><font face="arial, sans-serif"><a moz-do-not-send="true"
              href="http://grey.colorado.edu/mingus" target="_blank">http://grey.colorado.edu/mingus</a></font></div>
        <div><span
            style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:12.727272033691406px"><br>
          </span></div>
        <div class="gmail_extra"><br>
          <br>
          <div class="gmail_quote">On Tue, Jan 28, 2014 at 12:05 PM,
            Richard Loosemore <span dir="ltr"><<a
                moz-do-not-send="true"
                href="mailto:rloosemore@susaro.com" target="_blank">rloosemore@susaro.com</a>></span>
            wrote:<br>
            <blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px
0.8ex;border-left-width:1px;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);border-left-style:solid;padding-left:1ex">
              <div bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000"> <br>
                <br>
                Brian,<br>
                <br>
                Everything hinges on the definition of the concept
                ("consciousness") under consideration.<br>
                <br>
                In the chapter I wrote in Wang & Goertzel's
                "Theoretical Foundations of Artificial General
                Intelligence" I pointed out (echoing Chalmers) that too
                much is said about C without a clear enough
                understanding of what is meant by it .... and then I
                went on to clarify what exactly could be meant by it,
                and thereby came to a resolution of the problem (with
                testable predictions).   So I think the answer to the
                question you pose below is that:<br>
                <br>
                (a) Yes, in general, having an outcome measure that
                correlates with C ... that is good, but only with a
                clear and unambigous meaning for C itself (which I don't
                think anyone has, so therefore it is, after all, of no
                value to look for outcome measures that correlate), and
                <br>
                <br>
                (b) All three of the approaches you mention are
                sidelined and finessed by the approach I used in the
                abovementioned paper, where I clarify the definition by
                clarifying first why we have so much difficulty defining
                it.  In other words, there is a fourth way, and that is
                to explain it as ... well, I have to leave that dangling
                because there is too much subtlety to pack into an
                elevator pitch.  (The title is the best I can do:  "
                Human and Machine Consciousness as a Boundary Effect in
                the Concept Analysis Mechanism ").<br>
                <br>
                Certainly though, the weakness of all quantum mechanics
                'answers' is that they are stranded on the wrong side of
                the explanatory gap.<br>
                <br>
                <br>
                Richard Loosemore<br>
                <br>
                <br>
                Reference<br>
                Loosemore, R.P.W. (2012).  Human and Machine
                Consciousness as a Boundary Effect in the Concept
                Analysis Mechanism.  In: P. Wang & B. Goertzel
                (Eds), Theoretical Foundations of Artifical General
                Intelligence.  Atlantis Press.<br>
                <a moz-do-not-send="true"
                  href="http://richardloosemore.com/docs/2012a_Consciousness_rpwl.pdf"
                  target="_blank">http://richardloosemore.com/docs/2012a_Consciousness_rpwl.pdf</a>
                <div>
                  <div><br>
                    <br>
                    <br>
                    On 1/28/14, 10:34 AM, Brian J Mingus wrote:
                    <blockquote type="cite">
                      <div dir="ltr">
                        <div class="gmail_extra">Hi Richard,</div>
                        <div class="gmail_extra"><br>
                        </div>
                        <div class="gmail_extra">> I can tell you
                          that the quantum story isn't nearly enough
                          clear in the minds of physicists, yet, so how
                          it can be applied to the C question is beyond
                          me.  Frankly, it does NOT apply:  saying
                          anything about observers and entanglement does
                          not at any point touch the kind of statements
                          that involve talk about qualia etc.</div>
                        <div class="gmail_extra"><br>
                        </div>
                        <div class="gmail_extra">I'm not sure I see the
                          argument you're trying to make here. If you
                          have an outcome measure that you agree
                          correlates with consciousness, then we have a
                          framework for scientifically studying it. </div>
                        <div class="gmail_extra"><br>
                        </div>
                        <div class="gmail_extra">Here's my setup: If you
                          create a society of models and do not expose
                          them to a corpus containing consciousness
                          philosophy and they then, in a reasonably
                          short amount of time, independently rewrite
                          it, they are almost certainly conscious. This
                          design explicitly rules out a generative model
                          that accidentally spits out consciousness
                          philosophy.</div>
                        <div class="gmail_extra"><br>
                        </div>
                        <div class="gmail_extra">Another approach is to
                          accept that our brains are so similar that you
                          and I are almost certainly both conscious, and
                          to then perform experiments on each other and
                          study our subjective reports.</div>
                        <div class="gmail_extra"><br>
                        </div>
                        <div class="gmail_extra">Another approach is to
                          perform experiments on your own brain and to
                          write first person reports about your
                          experience.</div>
                        <div class="gmail_extra"><br>
                        </div>
                        <div class="gmail_extra"> These three approaches
                          each have tradeoffs, and each provide unique
                          information. The first approach, in
                          particular, might ultimately allow us to draw
                          some of the strongest possible conclusions.
                          For example, it allows for the scientific
                          study of the extent to which quantum effects
                          may or may not be relevant.</div>
                        <div class="gmail_extra"><br>
                        </div>
                        <div class="gmail_extra">I'm very interested in
                          hearing any counterarguments as to why this
                          general approach won't work. If it <i>can't</i> work,
                          then I would argue that perhaps we should not
                          create full models of ourselves, but should
                          instead focus on upgrading ourselves. From
                          that perspective, getting this to work is
                          extremely important, despite however
                          futuristic it may seem.</div>
                        <div class="gmail_extra"><br>
                        </div>
                        <div class="gmail_extra">> <span
                            style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:12.727272033691406px">So

                            let's let that sleeping dog lie.... (?).</span></div>
                        <div class="gmail_extra"> <span
                            style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:12.727272033691406px"><br>
                          </span></div>
                        <div class="gmail_extra"><span
                            style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:12.727272033691406px">Not

                            gonna' happen. :)</span></div>
                        <div class="gmail_extra"><br>
                        </div>
                        <div class="gmail_extra">Brian Mingus</div>
                        <div class="gmail_extra"><a
                            moz-do-not-send="true"
                            href="http://grey.colorado.edu"
                            target="_blank">http://grey.colorado.edu</a></div>
                        <div class="gmail_extra"><br>
                          <div class="gmail_quote"> On Tue, Jan 28, 2014
                            at 7:32 AM, Richard Loosemore <span
                              dir="ltr"><<a moz-do-not-send="true"
                                href="mailto:rloosemore@susaro.com"
                                target="_blank">rloosemore@susaro.com</a>></span>
                            wrote:<br>
                            <blockquote class="gmail_quote"
                              style="margin:0px 0px 0px
0.8ex;border-left-width:1px;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);border-left-style:solid;padding-left:1ex">On

                              1/27/14, 11:30 PM, Brian J Mingus wrote:<br>
                              <blockquote class="gmail_quote"
                                style="margin:0px 0px 0px
0.8ex;border-left-width:1px;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);border-left-style:solid;padding-left:1ex">
                                Consciousness is also such a bag of
                                worms that we can't rule out that qualia
                                owes its totally non-obvious and a
                                priori unpredicted existence to concepts
                                derived from quantum mechanics, such as
                                nested observers, or entanglement.<br>
                                <br>
                                As far as I know, my litmus test for a
                                model is the only way to tell whether
                                low-level quantum effects are required:
                                if the model, which has not been exposed
                                to a corpus containing consciousness
                                philosophy, then goes on to
                                independently recreate consciousness
                                philosophy, despite the fact that it is
                                composed of (for example) point neurons,
                                then we can be sure that low-level
                                quantum mechanical details are not
                                important.<br>
                                <br>
                                Note, however, that such a model might
                                still rely on nested observers or
                                entanglement. I'll let a quantum
                                physicist chime in on that - although I
                                will note that according to news
                                articles I've read that we keep managing
                                to entangle larger and larger objects -
                                up to the size of molecules at this
                                time, IIRC.<br>
                                <br>
                                <br>
                                Brian Mingus<br>
                                <a moz-do-not-send="true"
                                  href="http://grey.colorado.edu/mingus"
                                  target="_blank">http://grey.colorado.edu/mingus</a><br>
                                <br>
                              </blockquote>
                              Speaking as someone is both a physicist
                              and a cognitive scientist, AND someone who
                              has written papers resolving that whole
                              C-word issue, I can tell you that the
                              quantum story isn't nearly enough clear in
                              the minds of physicists, yet, so how it
                              can be applied to the C question is beyond
                              me.  Frankly, it does NOT apply:  saying
                              anything about observers and entanglement
                              does not at any point touch the kind of
                              statements that involve talk about qualia
                              etc.   So let's let that sleeping dog
                              lie.... (?).<br>
                              <br>
                              As for using the methods/standards of
                              physics over here in cog sci ..... I think
                              it best to listen to George Bernard Shaw
                              on this one:  "Never do unto others as you
                              would they do unto you:  their tastes may
                              not be the same."<br>
                              <br>
                              Our tastes
                              (requirements/constraints/issues) are
                              quite different, so what happens elsewhere
                              cannot be directly, slavishly imported.<br>
                              <br>
                              <br>
                              Richard Loosemore<br>
                              <br>
                              Wells College<br>
                              Aurora NY<br>
                              USA<br>
                              <br>
                            </blockquote>
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                          <br>
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